Terminology Service for NFDI4Health
All terms in UNIPROT
| Label | Id | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor | P24062 | [Function: Receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates actions of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). Binds IGF1 with high affinity and IGF2 and insulin (INS) with a lower affinity. The activated IGF1R is involved in cell growth and survival control. IGF1R is crucial for tumor transformation and survival of malignant cell. Ligand binding activates the receptor kinase, leading to receptor autophosphorylation, and tyrosines phosphorylation of multiple substrates, that function as signaling adapter proteins including, the insulin-receptor substrates (IRS1/2), Shc and 14-3-3 proteins. Phosphorylation of IRSs proteins lead to the activation of two main signaling pathways: the PI3K-AKT/PKB pathway and the Ras-MAPK pathway. The result of activating the MAPK pathway is increased cellular proliferation, whereas activating the PI3K pathway inhibits apoptosis and stimulates protein synthesis. Phosphorylated IRS1 can activate the 85 kDa regulatory subunit of PI3K (PIK3R1), leading to activation of several downstream substrates, including protein AKT/PKB. AKT phosphorylation, in turn, enhances protein synthesis through mTOR activation and triggers the antiapoptotic effects of IGFIR through phosphorylation and inactivation of BAD. In parallel to PI3K-driven signaling, recruitment of Grb2/SOS by phosphorylated IRS1 or Shc leads to recruitment of Ras and activation of the ras-MAPK pathway. In addition to these two main signaling pathways IGF1R signals also through the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway (JAK/STAT). Phosphorylation of JAK proteins can lead to phosphorylation/activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins. In particular activation of STAT3, may be essential for the transforming activity of IGF1R. The JAK/STAT pathway activates gene transcription and may be responsible for the transforming activity. JNK kinases can also be activated by the IGF1R. IGF1 exerts inhibiting activities on JNK activation via phosphorylation and inhibition of MAP3K5/ASK1, which is able to directly associate with the IGF1R (By similarity). When present in a hybrid receptor with INSR, binds IGF1 (By similarity).] |
| Alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 10 | Q6P4F1 | [Function: Probable fucosyltransferase.] |
| C-C chemokine receptor type 5 | P51682 | [Function: Receptor for a number of inflammatory CC-chemokines including MIP-1-alpha, MIP-1-beta and RANTES and subsequently transduces a signal by increasing the intracellular calcium ion level. May play a role in the control of granulocytic lineage proliferation or differentiation (By similarity).] |
| Homeobox protein GBX-2 | P48031 | [Function: May act as a transcription factor for cell pluripotency and differentiation in the embryo.] |
| C-C chemokine receptor type 2 | P51683 | [Function: Key functional receptor for CCL2 but can also bind CCL7 and CCL12 chemokines (PubMed:8631787, PubMed:8662823, PubMed:8996246). Its binding with CCL2 on monocytes and macrophages mediates chemotaxis and migration induction through the activation of the PI3K cascade, the small G protein Rac and lamellipodium protrusion (By similarity). Also acts as a receptor for the beta-defensin DEFB106A/DEFB106B (By similarity). Regulates the expression of T-cell inflammatory cytokines and T-cell differentiation, promoting the differentiation of T-cells into T-helper 17 cells (Th17) during inflammation (PubMed:28507030). Facilitates the export of mature thymocytes by enhancing directional movement of thymocytes to sphingosine-1-phosphate stimulation and up-regulation of S1P1R expression; signals through the JAK-STAT pathway to regulate FOXO1 activity leading to an increased expression of S1P1R (PubMed:29930553). Plays an important role in mediating peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain (PubMed:29993042). Increases NMDA-mediated synaptic transmission in both dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-containing neurons, which may be caused by MAPK/ERK-dependent phosphorylation of GRIN2B/NMDAR2B (PubMed:29993042). Mediates the recruitment of macrophages and monocytes to the injury site following brain injury (PubMed:24806994, PubMed:29632244).] |
| Protransforming growth factor alpha | P48030 | [Function: TGF alpha is a mitogenic polypeptide that is able to bind to the EGF receptor/EGFR and to act synergistically with TGF beta to promote anchorage-independent cell proliferation in soft agar.] |
| C-C chemokine receptor type 6 | P51684 | [Function: Receptor for the C-C type chemokine CCL20 (PubMed:9169459). Binds to CCL20 and subsequently transduces a signal by increasing the intracellular calcium ion levels (PubMed:20068036). Although CCL20 is its major ligand it can also act as a receptor for non-chemokine ligands such as beta-defensins (PubMed:25585877). Binds to defensin DEFB1 leading to increase in intracellular calcium ions and cAMP levels. Its binding to DEFB1 is essential for the function of DEFB1 in regulating sperm motility and bactericidal activity (PubMed:25122636). Binds to defensins DEFB4 and DEFB4A/B and mediates their chemotactic effects (PubMed:20068036). The ligand-receptor pair CCL20-CCR6 is responsible for the chemotaxis of dendritic cells (DC), effector/ memory T-cells and B-cells and plays an important role at skin and mucosal surfaces under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions, as well as in pathology, including cancer and various autoimmune diseases. CCR6-mediated signals are essential for immune responses to microbes in the intestinal mucosa and in the modulation of inflammatory responses initiated by tissue insult and trauma (PubMed:21376174). CCR6 is essential for the recruitment of both the proinflammatory IL17 producing helper T-cells (Th17) and the regulatory T-cells (Treg) to sites of inflammation. Required for the normal migration of Th17 cells in Peyers-patches and other related tissue sites of the intestine and plays a role in regulating effector T-cell balance and distribution in inflamed intestine. Plays an important role in the coordination of early thymocyte precursor migration events important for normal subsequent thymocyte precursor development, but is not required for the formation of normal thymic natural regulatory T-cells (nTregs). Required for optimal differentiation of DN2 and DN3 thymocyte precursors. Essential for B-cell localization in the subepithelial dome of Peyers-patches and for efficient B-cell isotype switching to IgA in the Peyers-patches. Essential for appropriate anatomical distribution of memory B-cells in the spleen and for the secondary recall response of memory B-cells (By similarity). Positively regulates sperm motility and chemotaxis via its binding to CCL20 (PubMed:23765988).] |
| Ferredoxin-2, mitochondrial | Q6P4F2 | [Function: Essential for heme A and Fe/S protein biosynthesis.] |
| Metalloproteinase inhibitor 3 | P48032 | [Function: Complexes with metalloproteinases (such as collagenases) and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. May form part of a tissue-specific acute response to remodeling stimuli.] |
| C-C chemokine receptor type 4 | P51680 | [Function: High affinity receptor for the C-C type chemokines CCL17/TARC and CCL22/MDC. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(i) proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Could play a role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxic shock. In the CNS, could mediate hippocampal-neuron survival.] |
| Integrin alpha-L | P24063 | [Function: Integrin ITGAL/ITGB2 is a receptor for ICAM1, ICAM2, ICAM3 and ICAM4 (PubMed:2051027). Integrin ITGAL/ITGB2 is a receptor for F11R (By similarity). Integrin ITGAL/ITGB2 is a receptor for the secreted form of ubiquitin-like protein ISG15; the interaction is mediated by ITGAL (PubMed:29100055). Involved in a variety of immune phenomena including leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction, cytotoxic T-cell mediated killing, and antibody dependent killing by granulocytes and monocytes. Contributes to natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Involved in leukocyte adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes including T-cells and neutrophils (PubMed:16234355, PubMed:24158516). Required for generation of common lymphoid progenitor cells in bone marrow, indicating the role in lymphopoiesis (PubMed:25108025). Integrin ITGAL/ITGB2 in association with ICAM3, contributes to apoptotic neutrophil phagocytosis by macrophages.] |
| Arylsulfatase D | P51689 | |
| Putative solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B7 | G3V0H7 | |
| C-C chemokine receptor type 8 | P51685 | [Function: Receptor for the chemokine CCL1/SCYA1/I-309. May regulate monocyte chemotaxis and thymic cell line apoptosis. Alternative coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 infection.] |
| Tripartite motif-containing protein 49 | P0CI25 | |
| C-C chemokine receptor type 9 | P51686 | [Function: (Microbial infection) Alternative coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 infection.] |
| Tripartite motif-containing protein 49C | P0CI26 | |
| Sulfite oxidase, mitochondrial | P51687 | |
| Rho GTPase-activating protein 11A | Q6P4F7 | |
| N-sulphoglucosamine sulphohydrolase | P51688 | [Function: Catalyzes a step in lysosomal heparan sulfate degradation.] |