Terminology Service for NFDI4Health
All terms in UNIPROT
| Label | Id | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B | P46414 | [Function: Important regulator of cell cycle progression (PubMed:8033213, PubMed:12972555). Inhibits the kinase activity of CDK2 bound to cyclin A, but has little inhibitory activity on CDK2 bound to SPDYA (By similarity). Involved in G1 arrest. Potent inhibitor of cyclin E- and cyclin A-CDK2 complexes (PubMed:8033213). Forms a complex with cyclin type D-CDK4 complexes and is involved in the assembly, stability, and modulation of CCND1-CDK4 complex activation. Acts either as an inhibitor or an activator of cyclin type D-CDK4 complexes depending on its phosphorylation state and/or stoichometry.] |
| Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 | P09467 | [Function: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in the presence of divalent cations, acting as a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis. Plays a role in regulating glucose sensing and insulin secretion of pancreatic beta-cells. Appears to modulate glycerol gluconeogenesis in liver. Important regulator of appetite and adiposity; increased expression of the protein in liver after nutrient excess increases circulating satiety hormones and reduces appetite-stimulating neuropeptides and thus seems to provide a feedback mechanism to limit weight gain.] |
| Neurexophilin-1 | P58417 | [Function: May be signaling molecules that resemble neuropeptides and that act by binding to alpha-neurexins and possibly other receptors.] |
| ADAM DEC1 | Q9R0X2 | [Function: May play an important role in the control of the immune response and during pregnancy.] |
| UNC93-like protein MFSD11 | Q8BJ51 | |
| Clarin-1 | P58418 | [Function: May have a role in the excitatory ribbon synapse junctions between hair cells and cochlear ganglion cells and presumably also in analogous synapses within the retina.] |
| Phospholipid phosphatase-related protein type 5 | Q8BJ52 | [Function: Induces filopodia formation and promotes neurite growth in a CDC42-independent manner; impedes neurite growth inhibitory-mediated axonal retraction.] |
| Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 9, mitochondrial | Q9R0X4 | [Function: Acyl-CoA thioesterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), providing the potential to regulate intracellular levels of acyl-CoAs, free fatty acids and CoASH. Active on long chain acyl-CoAs.] |
| Cryptochrome-2 | Q9R194 | [Function: Transcriptional repressor which forms a core component of the circadian clock. The circadian clock, an internal time-keeping system, regulates various physiological processes through the generation of approximately 24 hour circadian rhythms in gene expression, which are translated into rhythms in metabolism and behavior. It is derived from the Latin roots 'circa' (about) and 'diem' (day) and acts as an important regulator of a wide array of physiological functions including metabolism, sleep, body temperature, blood pressure, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, and renal function. Consists of two major components: the central clock, residing in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain, and the peripheral clocks that are present in nearly every tissue and organ system. Both the central and peripheral clocks can be reset by environmental cues, also known as Zeitgebers (German for 'timegivers'). The predominant Zeitgeber for the central clock is light, which is sensed by retina and signals directly to the SCN. The central clock entrains the peripheral clocks through neuronal and hormonal signals, body temperature and feeding-related cues, aligning all clocks with the external light/dark cycle. Circadian rhythms allow an organism to achieve temporal homeostasis with its environment at the molecular level by regulating gene expression to create a peak of protein expression once every 24 hours to control when a particular physiological process is most active with respect to the solar day. Transcription and translation of core clock components (CLOCK, NPAS2, ARNTL/BMAL1, ARNTL2/BMAL2, PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1 and CRY2) plays a critical role in rhythm generation, whereas delays imposed by post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important for determining the period (tau) of the rhythms (tau refers to the period of a rhythm and is the length, in time, of one complete cycle). A diurnal rhythm is synchronized with the day/night cycle, while the ultradian and infradian rhythms have a period shorter and longer than 24 hours, respectively. Disruptions in the circadian rhythms contribute to the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic syndromes and aging. A transcription/translation feedback loop (TTFL) forms the core of the molecular circadian clock mechanism. Transcription factors, CLOCK or NPAS2 and ARNTL/BMAL1 or ARNTL2/BMAL2, form the positive limb of the feedback loop, act in the form of a heterodimer and activate the transcription of core clock genes and clock-controlled genes (involved in key metabolic processes), harboring E-box elements (5'-CACGTG-3') within their promoters. The core clock genes: PER1/2/3 and CRY1/2 which are transcriptional repressors form the negative limb of the feedback loop and interact with the CLOCK|NPAS2-ARNTL/BMAL1|ARNTL2/BMAL2 heterodimer inhibiting its activity and thereby negatively regulating their own expression. This heterodimer also activates nuclear receptors NR1D1/2 and RORA/B/G, which form a second feedback loop and which activate and repress ARNTL/BMAL1 transcription, respectively. CRY1 and CRY2 have redundant functions but also differential and selective contributions at least in defining the pace of the SCN circadian clock and its circadian transcriptional outputs. Less potent transcriptional repressor in cerebellum and liver than CRY1, though less effective in lengthening the period of the SCN oscillator. Seems to play a critical role in tuning SCN circadian period by opposing the action of CRY1. With CRY1, dispensable for circadian rhythm generation but necessary for the development of intercellular networks for rhythm synchrony. May mediate circadian regulation of cAMP signaling and gluconeogenesis by blocking glucagon-mediated increases in intracellular cAMP concentrations and in CREB1 phosphorylation. Besides its role in the maintenance of the circadian clock, is also involved in the regulation of other processes. Plays a key role in glucose and lipid metabolism modulation, in part, through the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in these pathways, such as LEP or ACSL4. Represses glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1/GR-induced transcriptional activity by binding to glucocorticoid response elements (GREs). Represses the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 induced transcription of BHLHE40/DEC1 and NAMPT. Represses PPARD and its target genes in the skeletal muscle and limits exercise capacity (PubMed:28683290). Represses the transcriptional activity of NR1I2 (PubMed:28751364).] |
| Protein ATP1B4 | Q9R193 | [Function: May act as a transcriptional coregulator during muscle development through its interaction with SNW1. Has lost its ancestral function as a Na,K-ATPase beta-subunit (By similarity).] |
| X-linked retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator | Q9R0X5 | [Function: Could be a guanine-nucleotide releasing factor (By similarity). Plays a role in ciliogenesis (By similarity). Probably regulates cilia formation by regulating actin stress filaments and cell contractility (By similarity). May be involved in microtubule organization and regulation of transport in primary cilia (By similarity). Plays an important role in photoreceptor integrity. Isoform 5 may play a critical role in spermatogenesis and in intraflagellar transport processes.] |
| Transforming growth factor beta activator LRRC32 | G3XA59 | [Function: Key regulator of transforming growth factor beta (TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3) that controls TGF-beta activation by maintaining it in a latent state during storage in extracellular space (PubMed:25127859). Associates specifically via disulfide bonds with the Latency-associated peptide (LAP), which is the regulatory chain of TGF-beta, and regulates integrin-dependent activation of TGF-beta (PubMed:25127859, PubMed:28912269). Able to outcompete LTBP1 for binding to LAP regulatory chain of TGF-beta (By similarity). Controls activation of TGF-beta-1 (TGFB1) on the surface of activated regulatory T-cells (Tregs) (PubMed:25127859). Required for epithelial fusion during palate development by regulating activation of TGF-beta-3 (TGFB3) (PubMed:28912269).] |
| Rab11 family-interacting protein 2 | G3XA57 | [Function: A Rab11 effector binding preferentially phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdInsP3) and phosphatidic acid (PA) and acting in the regulation of the transport of vesicles from the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC) to the plasma membrane. Involved in insulin granule exocytosis. Also involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis and membrane trafficking of recycling endosomes, probably originating from clathrin-coated vesicles. Required in a complex with MYO5B and RAB11 for the transport of NPC1L1 to the plasma membrane. Also acts as a regulator of cell polarity. Plays an essential role in phagocytosis through a mechanism involving TICAM2, RAC1 and CDC42 Rho GTPases for controlling actin-dynamics.] |
| Mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NFKB 1 | Q8VCM5 | [Function: Exhibits weak E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity (By similarity). E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfer the ubiquitin to targeted substrates (By similarity). Can ubiquitinate AKT1 preferentially at 'Lys-284' involving 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination and seems to be involved in regulation of Akt signaling by targeting phosphorylated Akt to proteosomal degradation (By similarity). Proposed to preferentially act as a SUMO E3 ligase at physiological concentrations (By similarity). Plays a role in the control of mitochondrial morphology by promoting mitochondrial fragmentation, and influences mitochondrial localization (By similarity). Likely to promote mitochondrial fission through negatively regulating the mitochondrial fusion proteins MFN1 and MFN2, acting in a pathway that is parallel to the PRKN/PINK1 regulatory pathway (PubMed:24898855). May also be involved in the sumoylation of the membrane fission protein DNM1L (By similarity). Inhibits cell growth (By similarity). When overexpressed, activates JNK through MAP3K7/TAK1 and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis (By similarity). Involved in the modulation of innate immune defense against viruses by inhibiting DDX58-dependent antiviral response (By similarity). Can mediate DDX58 sumoylation and disrupt its polyubiquitination (By similarity).] |
| Lipoyltransferase 1, mitochondrial | Q8VCM4 | [Function: Catalyzes the transfer of the lipoyl group from lipoyl-AMP to the specific lysine residue of lipoyl domains of lipoate-dependent enzymes.] |
| Fibrinogen gamma chain | Q8VCM7 | [Function: Together with fibrinogen alpha (FGA) and fibrinogen beta (FGB), polymerizes to form an insoluble fibrin matrix (By similarity). Fibrin has a major function in hemostasis as one of the primary components of blood clots (By similarity). In addition, functions during the early stages of wound repair to stabilize the lesion and guide cell migration during re-epithelialization (By similarity). Was originally thought to be essential for platelet aggregation, based on in vitro studies using anticoagulated blood. However, subsequent studies have shown that it is not absolutely required for thrombus formation in vivo (By similarity). Enhances expression of SELP in activated platelets via an ITGB3-dependent pathway (PubMed:19332769). Maternal fibrinogen is essential for successful pregnancy (By similarity). Fibrin deposition is also associated with infection, where it protects against IFNG-mediated hemorrhage (By similarity). May also facilitate the immune response via both innate and T-cell mediated pathways (By similarity).] |
| Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 7B | Q99J47 | [Function: Putative oxidoreductase.] |
| Nuclear receptor-binding protein | Q99J45 | [Function: May play a role in subcellular trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus through interactions with the Rho-type GTPases.] |
| Zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 21 | Q8VCM3 | [Function: Plays a role in cell adhesion, and thereby in cell motility which requires repeated formation and disassembly of focal adhesions. Regulates microtubule-induced PTK2/FAK1 dephosphorylation, an event important for focal adhesion disassembly, as well as integrin beta-1/ITGB1 cell surface expression (By similarity).] |
| NADPH oxidase organizer 1 | Q8VCM2 | [Function: Constitutively potentiates the superoxide-generating activity of NOX1 and NOX3 and is required for the biogenesis of otoconia/otolith, which are crystalline structures of the inner ear involved in the perception of gravity. Isoform 3 is more potent than isoform 1 in activating NOX3. Together with NOXA1, may also substitute to NCF1/p47phox and NCF2/p67phox in supporting the phagocyte NOX2/gp91phox superoxide-generating activity.] |